The intruducion for China

  China's hosting of the 2008 Olympics showed off to the world a nation on the rise, where ancient riches are complemented by modern marvels of architecture and engineering. The energy of the place is palpable as the world's largest population emerges from the shadows of recent history and rushes headlong into a future as a (perhaps the) major global player - and a must-see travel destination.

China is an ancient civilization, mysterious country with beautiful land, located East Asia,It is always appealing to adventurous foreign visitors. As the third largest country in the world,china occupying an area of 9,600,000 square kilometers. As a result this country includes a wide variety of interesting place and different kind of climate. China has a very splendid landscape, snow ice tour is famous in north of china, the Silk Road tour is famous in the west of china. Yellow river tour is special in the northeast of china. Different landscape and different weather have added to the fascination of China as every traveler's dream destination. And also China has Fifty-six Nationalities.92% is Han nationality. The other 55nationalities only take part in 8%. All stay in this amazing land. With a population of 1159.4 million, the Han Chinese can be found in almost every part of China. However, they mainly live in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and also in the Northeast Plain Region (Songliao Plain). They form the largest ethnic group within China and also the largest in the world. Chinese ethnic minority

      The greatest treasure of China is its long and rich history. Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. Form this country; you can see a human civilization develop history never been disturbed. The History of China, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C. in what is now central China and the lower Huang He ( or Yellow River) Valley of north China. Centuries of migration, amalgamation, and development brought about a distinctive system of writing, philosophy, art, and political organization that came to be recognizable as Chinese civilization. What makes the civilization unique in world history is its continuity through over 4,000 years to the present century.  All this history gives Chinese a rich and colorful history.Chinese History

 The Chinese have developed a strong sense of their real and mythological origins and have kept voluminous records since very early times. It is largely as a result of these records that knowledge concerning the ancient past, not only of China but also of its neighbors, has survived.

The land of China is as varied as it is vast. It ranges from subarctic regions in the north to tropical lowlands in the south and from fertile plains in the east to deserts in the west. The same can be said about its population, for the densities of certain areas are varied. Most of China's people live in densely populated areas in the east, while the west, despite making up about half the land area of the country, has less than 10 percent of the population.

Geography
China is bordered to the north by Russia and Mongolia; to the east by Korea (Dem Rep), the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea; to the south by Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal; and to the west by India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. China has a varied terrain ranging from high plateau in the west to flatlands in the east; mountains take up almost one-third of the land. The most notable high mountain ranges are the Himalayas, the Altai Mountains, the Tian Shan Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. On the border with Nepal is the 8,848m (29,198ft) Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest). In the west is the Qinghai/Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of 4,000m (13,200ft), known as ‘the Roof of the World'. At the base of the Tian Shan Mountains is the Turpan Depression or Basin, China's lowest area, 154m (508ft) below sea level at the lowest point. China has many great river systems, notably the Yellow (Huang He) and Yangtze River (Chang Jiang, also Yangtze Kiang). Only 10% of all China is suitable for agriculture. China Geography

China is proud of its history and culture. The greatest gift to the world is the "four great inventions which is paper, gunpowder, printing and the compass. Chinese arts and crafts, including painting, calligraphy, embroidery and silk are unique.Chinese Arts and Crafts

Chinese cuisine has been exported to every corner of the globe. Every part of china has it's presentation food. Normally, it can be separate to 8 kinds: Shandong Cuisine (lu cai) , Sichuan Cuisine (chuan cai),,Guangdong Cuisine(yue cai) ,Fujian Cuisine (mi cai),Jiangsu Cuisine (su cai), Zhejiang Cuisine (zhe cai) , Hunan Cuisine (xiang cai) , Anhui Cuisine (hui cai)China Food and Drink

 Same as western country, Saturday and Sunday is off day in china. Except this, China also has 16 legal festivals. Chinese will get 3 days off on each Spring Festival& National Day (october.1st),and 1day off on New Year's Day, May Day, Mid-Autumn Day, Qing ming Festival& Dragon Boat Festival. Also children under 14 years old have a day off on Children's Day, women have half day off on Women's Day.China's climate varies from bitter cold in winter to unbearable heat in summer.Chinese Festivals

The Yangtze River serves as China's official dividing line between north and south. Given the size and varied landscape of the country, there is no one time in the year when weather is ideal in every part of China. Of course, the warmest areas in winter are to be found in the South and Southwest, such as Sichuan, Banna in Yunnan, and Hainan Island. In summer the coolest spots are in the far northeast. China has a climate dominated by dry seasons and wet monsoons, which leads to clear temperature differences in winter and summer. In winter, northern winds coming from high latitude areas are cold and dry; in summer, southern winds from sea areas at lower latitude are warm and moist. China climates differ from region to region because of the country's extensive and complex topography. In the south of the Nanling Mountains, rains are prolific and the temperature is high all year round. In the Yangtze and Huaihe River valleys in the central part of China, there are four distinctive seasons.China's Climate

Early forms of art in China were made from pottery and jade in the Neolithic period, to which was added bronze in the Shang Dynasty. The Shang are most remembered for their blue casting, noted for its clarity of detail. Early Chinese music and poetry was influenced by the Book of Song, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan.Chinese Opera Brief

In early imperial China, porcelain was introduced and was refined to the point that in English the word china has become synonymous with high-quality porcelain. Around the 1st century AD, Buddhism arrived in China, though it did not become popular until the 4th century. At this point, Chinese Buddhist art began to flourish, a process which continued through the 20th century. It was during the period of Imperial China that calligraphy and painting became highly appreciated arts in court circles, with a great deal of work done on silk until well after the invention of paper.

Buddhist architecture and sculpture thrived in the Sui and Tang dynasty. Of which, the Tang Dynasty was particularly open to foreign influence. Buddhist sculpture returned to a classical form, inspired by Indian art of the Gupta period. Towards the late Tang dynasty, all foreign religions were outlawed to support Taoism.Introduction to Chinese Religion

In the Song Dynasty, poetry was marked by a lyric poetry known as Ci  which expressed feelings of desire, often in an adopted persona. Also in the Song dynasty, paintings of more subtle expression of landscapes appeared, with blurred outlines and mountain contours which conveyed distance through an impressionistic treatment of natural phenomena. It was during this period that in painting, emphasis was placed on spiritual rather than emotional elements, as in the previous period. Kunqu, the oldest extant form of Chinese opera developed during the Song Dynasty in Kunshan, near present-day Shanghai. In the Yuan dynasty, painting by the Chinese painter Zhao Mengfu  greatly influenced later Chinese landscape painting, and the Yuan dynasty opera became a variant of Chinese opera which continues today as Cantonese opera.

Late imperial China was marked by two specific dynasties: Ming and Qing. Of Ming Dynasty poetry, Gao Qi was acknowledged as the most popular poet of the era. Artwork in the Ming dynasty perfected color painting and color printing, with a wider color range and busier compositions than Song paintings. In the Qing dynasty, Beijing opera was introduced; it is considered the one of the best-known forms of Chinese opera. Qing poetry was marked by a poet named Yuan Mei whose poetry has been described as having "unusually clear and elegant language" and who stressed the importance of personal feeling and technical perfection. Under efforts of masters from the Shanghai School during the late Qing Dynasty, traditional Chinese art reached another climax and continued to the present in forms of the "Chinese painting" . The Shanghai School challenged and broke the literati tradition of Chinese art, while also paying technical homage to the ancient masters and improving on existing traditional techniques.